hatred n : the emotion of hate; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action [syn: hate] [ant: love]

English

Pronunciation

• /h'eɪtrεd/

Noun

1. Strong aversion; intense dislike; hateful regard; an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as unpleasant, harmful or evil.
   • 1748. David Hume. Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. § 34.

     the very circumstance which renders it so innocent is what chiefly exposes it to the public hatred

Related terms

• hate
• hateful

Translations

• Albanian: urrejtje g Albanian
• Arabic: (karāhiya) , (korh)
• trreq Armenian
• Azeri: nifrәt
• Basque: herra
• Bosnian: mržnja
• Breton: kas
• Bulgarian: омраза italbrac omraza
• Catalan: odi
• Chinese: 仇恨 (chóuhèn)
• Croatian: mržnja
• Czech: nenávist , zášť
• Danish: had
• Dutch: haat
• Esperanto: malamo
• Estonian: viha
• Filipino: muhi
• Finnish: viha
• French: haine
• Georgian: სიძულვილი (sidzulvili), მძულვარება (mdzulvareba)
• German: Haß, Hass
• Greek: μίσος , έχθρα
• trreq Hawaiian
• Hebrew: שנאה (siná)
• Hindi: घृणा (gh.ri.nā) , घिन (ghin) , दुश्मनी (dušmanī) , नफ़रत (nafrat)
• Hungarian: gyűlölet
• trreq Icelandic
• Indonesian: kebencian
• Irish: fuath, gráin
• Italian: odio, risentimento
• Japanese: 憎悪
• Korean: 증오심
• Latin: odium, invidia
• Latvian: ienaids g Latvian
• Lithuanian: neapykanta g Lithuanian
• Malay: benci
• trreq Maori
• trreq Mongolian
• Norwegian: hat
• trreq Old English
• Persian: (došmani), (næfræt)
• Polish: nienawiść
• Portuguese: ódio
• Romanian: ură
• Russian: ненависть
• Serbian:

  Cyrillic: мржња

  Roman: mržnja

• Slovak: zášť
• Slovene: sovraštvo
• Spanish: odio
• Swahili: chuki
• Swedish: hat
• Thai: (kwaam glìat), (kwaam chang)
• Turkish: nefret
• Urdu: (gh.ri.nā) , (ghin) , (dušmanī) , (nafrat)
• Uyghur: bolmaq
• trreq Vietnamese
• Welsh: casineb
• Yiddish: האַס (has)

See also

• disgust
• odium

Hatred is a word that describes intense feelings of dislike. It can be used in a wide variety of contexts, from hatred of vegetables to hatred of other people. Prejudice or bigotry against an entire class of people (e.g. racism) are examples of hatred.

Philosophers have offered many influencial definitions of hatred. Rene Descartes viewed hate as an awareness that something is bad, combined with an urge to withdraw from it. Baruch Spinoza defined hate as a type of pain that is due to an external cause. Aristotle viewed hate as a desire for the annihilation of an object that is incurable by time. Finally, David Hume believed that hate is an irreducible feeling that is not definable at all.

In psychology, Sigmund Freud defined hate as an ego state that wishes to destroy the source of its unhappiness. In a more contemporary definition, the Penguin Dictionary of Psychology defines hate as a "deep, enduring, intense emotion expressing animosity, anger, and hostility towards a person, group, or object." Because hatred is believed to be long-lasting, many psychologists consider it to be more of an attitude or disposition than a (temporary) emotional state.

See also

sisterlinks Hate

• Ethnic cleansing
• Genocide
• Hate crime
• Hate speech

Suggested reading

• The Psychology of Hate by Robert Sternberg (Ed.)
• Hatred: The Psychological Descent into Violence by Willard Gaylin
• Why We Hate by Jack Levin
• The Psychology of Good and Evil : Why Children, Adults, and Groups Help and Harm Others by Ervin Staub
• Prisoners of Hate: The Cognitive Basis of Anger, Hostility, and Violence by Aaron T. Beck
• Becoming Evil: How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing by James Waller

References

External links

• The Hate Blog
• Psychology research on hate (with references)
• HATE.info | Present news with a Hate Twist

Anglophobia, Russophobia, abhorrence, abomination, allergy, animosity, antagonism, anti-Semitism, antipathy, aversion, belligerence, bigotry, clash, clashing, cold sweat, collision, conflict, contention, creeping flesh, despitefulness, detestation, disgust, dislike, enmity, execration, friction, hate, horror, hostility, loathing, malevolence, malice, malignity, misandry, misanthropy, misogyny, mortal horror, nausea, odium, quarrelsomeness, race hatred, racism, repugnance, repulsion, revulsion, shuddering, spite, spitefulness, vials of hate, vials of wrath, xenophobia